A. Study Title: “A New Approach for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disorders: Molecular Hydrogen Significantly Reduces the Effects of Oxidative Stress.”

Reference

Participants: The study will involve both animal models and human subjects.

Findings:
The article discusses the potential therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen (H₂) in cardiovascular health:

  • Oxidative Stress Reduction:
    H₂ has been shown to selectively neutralize harmful reactive oxygen species, thereby reducing oxidative stress—a key factor in cardiovascular diseases.
  • Anti-Inflammatory Effects:
    H₂ exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, which may help mitigate inflammation-related cardiovascular conditions.
  • Cardioprotection:
    Studies indicate that H₂ can protect the heart from various forms of injury, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation.

The review suggests that molecular hydrogen could be a promising adjunctive therapy for preventing and treating cardiovascular disorders.

B. Study Title: “Mitigation of Cardiovascular Disease and Toxicity through NRF2 Signalling.”

Reference

Participants:
Study involving both animal models and human subjects.

Findings:
The article discusses the role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in cardiovascular health:

  • Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease:
    NRF2 is a key regulator of the body’s defense against oxidative stress, which is a significant contributor to cardiovascular diseases.
  • Protective Mechanisms:
    Activation of NRF2 leads to the expression of genes that combat oxidative, electrophilic, and xenobiotic stresses, thereby offering protection against cardiovascular toxicity and disease progression.
  • Impact of Aging and Medications:
    The effectiveness of NRF2 can be diminished by aging and certain medications, such as anthracycline chemotherapeutics, increasing susceptibility to cardiovascular toxicity.

The review suggests that enhancing NRF2 signaling could be a promising strategy for preventing and treating cardiovascular disorders.

C. Study Title: “Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Associated with Effects of Molecular Hydrogen in Cardiovascular and Central Nervous Systems.”

Reference

Participants:
The study involved both animal models and human subjects.

Findings:
The article discusses the potential therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen (H₂) in cardiovascular and central nervous system health:

  • Oxidative Stress Reduction:
    H₂ has been shown to selectively neutralize harmful reactive oxygen species, thereby reducing oxidative stress—a key factor in cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases.
  • Anti-Inflammatory Effects:
    H₂ exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, which may help mitigate inflammation-related conditions in these systems.
  • Cellular Protection:
    H₂ modulates cellular responses such as autophagy and apoptosis, contributing to cell survival and function.

The review suggests that molecular hydrogen could be a promising therapeutic agent for preventing and treating disorders of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems.

D. Study Title: “Hydrogen Therapy as a Potential Therapeutic Intervention in Heart Disease: From the Past Evidence to Future Application.”

Reference

 Duration:
This is a review article and does not have a specific study duration.

Participants:
As a review, it summarizes findings from various studies involving both animal models and human subjects.

Findings:
The article discusses the potential therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen (H₂) in cardiovascular health:

  • Oxidative Stress Reduction:
    H₂ has been shown to selectively neutralize harmful reactive oxygen species, thereby reducing oxidative stress—a key factor in cardiovascular diseases.
  • Anti-Inflammatory Effects:
    H₂ exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, which may help mitigate inflammation-related cardiovascular conditions.
  • Anti-Apoptotic Effects:
    H₂ has been found to prevent programmed cell death (apoptosis) in heart cells, contributing to cardioprotection.

The review suggests that molecular hydrogen could be a promising therapeutic agent for preventing and treating various cardiovascular pathologies, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, radiation-induced cardiac injury, atherosclerosis, chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, and cardiac hypertrophy.

E. Study Title: “Ameliorating Role of Hydrogen-Rich Water Against NSAID-Induced Enteropathy via Reduction of ROS and Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids.”

Reference

 Duration:
5 days.

Participants:
Mice.

Findings:
The study investigated the effects of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) on indomethacin (IND)-induced enteropathy in mice. Key findings include:

  • Intestinal Protection:
    HRW significantly reduced IND-induced small intestinal damage, as evidenced by improved histological features and decreased ulcer areas.
  • Oxidative Stress Reduction:
    HRW decreased luminal reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, indicating its antioxidant properties.
  • Anti-Inflammatory Effects:
    HRW reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the small intestine.
  • Gut Microbiota and Metabolites:
    While HRW did not significantly alter the overall gut microbiota composition, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from HRW-treated mice ameliorated IND-induced enteropathy in recipient mice. Additionally, HRW increased the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecal contents.

These results suggest that HRW may protect against NSAID-induced enteropathy through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as by modulating gut metabolites.

F. Study Title: “Pharmacological Postconditioning with Lactic Acid and Hydrogen-Rich Saline Alleviates Myocardial Reperfusion Injury in Rats.”

Reference

 Duration:
The experimental protocol involved a 45-minute coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion periods for assessment.

Participants:
Sprague-Dawley rats.

Findings:
The study investigated whether pharmacological postconditioning with lactic acid and hydrogen-rich saline could replicate the cardioprotective effects of mechanical postconditioning. Key findings include:

  • Infarct Size Reduction:
    The combination of lactic acid and hydrogen-rich saline significantly reduced myocardial infarct size, similar to mechanical postconditioning.
  • Mitochondrial Protection:
    This combination inhibited the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), reducing cell death.
  • MAPK Pathway Modulation:
    The treatment decreased phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, which are associated with cell stress responses.

These results suggest that pharmacological postconditioning with lactic acid and hydrogen-rich saline can effectively mimic the benefits of mechanical postconditioning in reducing myocardial reperfusion injury